阿米念派與加爾文派之爭代表了基督教神學中兩種不同的觀點，尤其在新教內部，關於救恩的獲得方式以及人是否有選擇權的問題上存在分歧。
阿米念主義（雅各·阿米念）：
- 自由意志：強調人類有自由意志去接受或拒絕上帝的恩典。
- 條件揀選：認為上帝的揀選（或決定誰將得救）是基於預見誰會信仰基督，這意味着揀選取決於個人的回應。
- 無限救贖：耶穌為所有人而死，而不僅僅是選民，使每個人都有機會得救。
- 可抗拒的恩典：上帝的恩典可以被人類拒絕，意味着人們可以選擇不接受它。
- 可能失去恩典：信徒若選擇背離上帝，可能會失去他們的救恩。
加爾文主義（約翰·加爾文）：
- 完全墮落：人類本質上是有罪的，因墮落而無法靠自己選擇上帝。
- 無條件揀選：上帝僅憑自己的旨意選擇或預定某些人得救，而非基於任何預見的功勞或行為。
- 有限救贖：耶穌的救贖是為選民而設的，並不適用於所有人。
- 不可抗拒的恩典：當上帝將恩典給予某人時，無法抗拒；被選中的人必然會信仰。
- 聖徒堅忍：真正的信徒會堅持信仰，意味着他們不會失去救恩。
這兩種神學觀點在神的主權、人類選擇權和救恩範圍上有不同看法。阿米念派強調人類的責任和普遍的得救機會，而加爾文派則重視上帝在決定誰得救方面的主權。
The Arminian vs. Calvinist debate represents two differing views in Christian theology, specifically within Protestantism, on how salvation is attained and whether humans have a choice in the matter.
- Arminianism (Jacob Arminius):
- Free Will: Emphasizes that humans have free will to accept or reject God’s grace.
- Conditional Election: Believes that God’s election (or choosing who will be saved) is based on foreknowledge of who will believe in Christ, meaning it’s conditional on a person’s response.
- Unlimited Atonement: Jesus died for all people, not only for the elect, allowing everyone the opportunity to be saved.
- Resistible Grace: God’s grace can be resisted by humans, meaning people can choose not to respond to it.
- Possibility of Falling from Grace: Believers can lose their salvation if they choose to turn away from God.
- Calvinism (John Calvin):
- Total Depravity: Humans are inherently sinful and unable to choose God on their own due to the fall.
- Unconditional Election: God elects or predestines certain people for salvation based solely on His will, not on any foreseen merit or actions.
- Limited Atonement: Jesus’ atoning sacrifice was specifically for the elect and is not applied universally.
- Irresistible Grace: When God extends His grace to a person, they cannot resist it; His chosen people will inevitably come to faith.
- Perseverance of the Saints: True believers will remain in faith, meaning they cannot lose their salvation.
These two theological perspectives differ in their views on divine sovereignty, human choice, and the scope of salvation. Arminians emphasize human responsibility and a universal opportunity for salvation, while Calvinists highlight God’s sovereignty in determining who is saved.