阿米念派与加尔文派之争代表了基督教神学中两种不同的观点，尤其在新教内部，关于救恩的获得方式以及人是否有选择权的问题上存在分歧。
阿米念主义（雅各·阿米念）：
- 自由意志：强调人类有自由意志去接受或拒绝上帝的恩典。
- 条件拣选：认为上帝的拣选（或决定谁将得救）是基于预见谁会信仰基督，这意味着拣选取决于个人的回应。
- 无限救赎：耶稣为所有人而死，而不仅仅是选民，使每个人都有机会得救。
- 可抗拒的恩典：上帝的恩典可以被人类拒绝，意味着人们可以选择不接受它。
- 可能失去恩典：信徒若选择背离上帝，可能会失去他们的救恩。
加尔文主义（约翰·加尔文）：
- 完全堕落：人类本质上是有罪的，因堕落而无法靠自己选择上帝。
- 无条件拣选：上帝仅凭自己的旨意选择或预定某些人得救，而非基于任何预见的功劳或行为。
- 有限救赎：耶稣的救赎是为选民而设的，并不适用于所有人。
- 不可抗拒的恩典：当上帝将恩典给予某人时，无法抗拒；被选中的人必然会信仰。
- 圣徒坚忍：真正的信徒会坚持信仰，意味着他们不会失去救恩。
这两种神学观点在神的主权、人类选择权和救恩范围上有不同看法。阿米念派强调人类的责任和普遍的得救机会，而加尔文派则重视上帝在决定谁得救方面的主权。
The Arminian vs. Calvinist debate represents two differing views in Christian theology, specifically within Protestantism, on how salvation is attained and whether humans have a choice in the matter.
- Arminianism (Jacob Arminius):
- Free Will: Emphasizes that humans have free will to accept or reject God’s grace.
- Conditional Election: Believes that God’s election (or choosing who will be saved) is based on foreknowledge of who will believe in Christ, meaning it’s conditional on a person’s response.
- Unlimited Atonement: Jesus died for all people, not only for the elect, allowing everyone the opportunity to be saved.
- Resistible Grace: God’s grace can be resisted by humans, meaning people can choose not to respond to it.
- Possibility of Falling from Grace: Believers can lose their salvation if they choose to turn away from God.
- Calvinism (John Calvin):
- Total Depravity: Humans are inherently sinful and unable to choose God on their own due to the fall.
- Unconditional Election: God elects or predestines certain people for salvation based solely on His will, not on any foreseen merit or actions.
- Limited Atonement: Jesus’ atoning sacrifice was specifically for the elect and is not applied universally.
- Irresistible Grace: When God extends His grace to a person, they cannot resist it; His chosen people will inevitably come to faith.
- Perseverance of the Saints: True believers will remain in faith, meaning they cannot lose their salvation.
These two theological perspectives differ in their views on divine sovereignty, human choice, and the scope of salvation. Arminians emphasize human responsibility and a universal opportunity for salvation, while Calvinists highlight God’s sovereignty in determining who is saved.